ʻO ka ʻepekema ma hope o Urolithin A: Ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike

ʻUrolithin A (UA)he hui i hana ʻia e ka metabolism o nā flora ʻōpū i nā meaʻai waiwai i nā ellagitannins (e like me nā pomegranate, raspberries, a pēlā aku). Ua manaʻo ʻia he anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, antioxidant, induction of mitophagy, a pēlā aku, a hiki ke hele i ka pale koko-lolo. Ua hōʻoia nā haʻawina he nui e hiki i ka urolithin A ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka ʻelemakule, a ua hōʻike pū nā haʻawina lapaʻau i nā hopena maikaʻi.

He aha ka urolithin A?

ʻO Urolithin A (Uro-A) kahi metabolite flora ʻōpū ʻano ellagitannin (ET). Ua ʻike kūhelu ʻia a kapa ʻia ʻo ia i ka makahiki 2005. ʻO kona ʻano molekala ʻo C13H8O4, a ʻo kona nui molekala pili he 228.2. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka metabolic o Uro-A, ʻo nā kumu meaʻai nui o ET he pomegerane, ʻōpena, raspberry, walnuts a me ka waina ʻulaʻula. He huahana ʻo UA o nā ET i hoʻopili ʻia e nā microorganisms ʻōpū. Loaʻa i ka UA nā manaʻolana hoʻohana ākea i ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi he nui. I ka manawa like, loaʻa iā UA kahi ākea o nā kumu meaʻai.

Ua hana ʻia nā noiʻi e pili ana i nā hopena antioxidant o nā urolithins. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ʻo Urolithin-A ma ke ʻano maoli, akā ua hana ʻia e kahi moʻo o nā hoʻololi ʻana o ET e nā flora ʻōpū. ʻO UA kahi huahana o nā ET i hoʻopili ʻia e nā microorganisms ʻōpū. Hele nā ​​​​meaʻai waiwai i ka ET ma o ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, a i ka hopena ua hoʻopili ʻia i loko o Uro-A i loko o ka colon. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o Uro-A ma ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa.

Ma ke ʻano he mau hui polyphenolic kūlohelohe, ua huki nui ʻia ka ETs ma muli o kā lākou mau hana olaola e like me ka antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic a me anti-viral. Ma waho aʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana mai nā meaʻai e like me nā pomegranate, strawberries, walnuts, raspberries a me nā ʻalemona, loaʻa pū nā ETs i nā gallnuts, nā ʻili pomegranate, myrobalan, Dimininus, geranium, betel nut, sea buckthorn leaves, Phyllanthus, Uncaria, Sanguisorba, Ma nā lāʻau lapaʻau Kina e like me Phyllanthus emblica a me Agrimony.

He polar iki ka hui hydroxyl i loko o ke ʻano molekala o nā ET, ʻaʻole ia he mea kūpono no ka omo ʻana e ka paia o ka ʻōpū, a he haʻahaʻa loa kona bioavailability. Ua ʻike ʻia he nui nā haʻawina ma hope o ka ʻai ʻia ʻana o nā ET e ke kino o ke kanaka, ua hoʻololi ʻia lākou e nā flora ʻōpū i loko o ka colon a hoʻololi ʻia i urolithin ma mua o ka omo ʻia ʻana. Ua hydrolyzed ʻia nā ET i loko o ka waikawa ellagic (EA) ma ke ala gastrointestinal kiʻekiʻe, a ua hele ʻia ʻo EA ma o nā ʻōpū. Hoʻoponopono hou ka flora bacteria a nalowale ke apo lactone a hana mau i nā hopena dehydroxylation e hana i ka urolithin. Aia nā hōʻike e hiki i ka urolithin ke kumu waiwai no nā hopena olaola o nā ET i loko o ke kino.

He aha ka pili o ka bioavailability o ka urolithin?

Ke ʻike nei i kēia, inā akamai ʻoe, ua ʻike paha ʻoe i ka mea e pili ana i ka bioavailability o UA.

ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka microbiome, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻano microbial āpau ke hana. ʻO ka mea maka o ka UA he ellagitannins i loaʻa mai ka meaʻai. Loaʻa maʻalahi kēia mea hoʻomākaukau a kokoke i nā wahi āpau ma ke ʻano.

Ua hydrolyzed ʻia nā Ellagitannins i loko o ka ʻōpū e hoʻokuʻu i ka waikawa ellagic, kahi i hana hou ʻia e ka flora ʻōpū i loko o ka urolithin A.

Wahi a kahi noiʻi ma ka puke pai ʻo Cell, he 40% wale nō o nā kānaka e hiki ke hoʻololi maoli i ka urolithin A mai kona mua i urolithin A hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia.

He aha nā hana o ka urolithin A?

Kū'ē i ka ʻelemakule

Manaʻo ke kumumanaʻo radical manuahi o ka ʻelemakule e hoʻoulu nā ʻano oxygen reactive i hana ʻia i loko o ka metabolism mitochondrial i ke kaumaha oxidative i loko o ke kino a alakaʻi i ka ʻelemakule, a he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka mitophagy i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino mitochondrial a me ka pono. Ua hōʻike ʻia hiki i ka UA ke hoʻoponopono i ka mitophagy a no laila e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka ʻelemakule. Ua ʻike ʻo Ryu et al. ua hōʻoluʻolu ka UA i ka hana ʻino mitochondrial a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola ma Caenorhabditis elegans ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mitophagy; i loko o nā rodents, hiki i ka UA ke hoʻohuli i ka emi ʻana o ka hana ʻiʻo e pili ana i ka makahiki, e hōʻike ana e hoʻomaikaʻi ka UA i ka hana mitochondrial ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka Muscle a me ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ke ola o ke kino. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Liu et al. iā UA e komo i loko o nā fibroblasts ʻili ʻelemakule. Ua hōʻike nā hopena ua hoʻonui nui ʻo UA i ka hōʻike ʻana o ke ʻano I collagen a hoʻemi i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). Ua hoʻāla pū ia i ka pane antioxidant i hoʻopili ʻia e ka nuclear Factor E2-related factor 2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2) e hoʻemi ana i ka ROS intracellular, no laila e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ke anti-aging ikaika.

Ka hopena antioxidant

I kēia manawa, ua hana ʻia nā haʻawina he nui e pili ana i ka hopena antioxidant o ka urolithin. Ma waena o nā metabolites urolithin āpau, ʻo Uro-A ka mea i loaʻa ka hana antioxidant ikaika loa, ʻo ka lua wale nō i nā proanthocyanidin oligomers, catechins, epicatechin a me 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻāʻo oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) o ka plasma o nā mea manawaleʻa olakino ua piʻi ka mana antioxidant ma 32% ma hope o 0.5 h o ka ʻai ʻana i ka wai pomegranate, akā ʻaʻole i loli nui ka pae o nā ʻano oxygen reactive, ʻoiai ma Neuro- In vitro nā hoʻokolohua ma nā cell 2a i ʻike ʻia hiki iā Uro-A ke hōʻemi i ka pae o nā ʻano oxygen reactive i loko o nā cell. Hōʻike kēia mau hopena he ikaika nā hopena antioxidant o Uro-A.

03. ʻO Urolithin A a me nā maʻi cardiovascular a me cerebrovascular

Ke piʻi nei ka nui o nā maʻi cardiovascular (CVD) ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ke kiʻekiʻe nei ka nui o ka make. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻonui wale i ke kaumaha o ka nohona a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, akā hoʻopilikia nui hoʻi i ke ʻano o ke ola o kānaka. He maʻi multifactorial ka CVD. Hiki i ka mumū ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o CVD. Pili ka pilikia oxidative i ka pathogenesis o CVD. Aia nā hōʻike e pili ana nā metabolites i loaʻa mai nā microorganisms intestinal me ka pilikia o CVD.

Ua hōʻike ʻia he hopena anti-inflammatory a me antioxidant ikaika ko UA, a ua hōʻoia nā haʻawina pili e hiki i ka UA ke pāʻani i kahi kuleana maikaʻi i ka CVD. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Savi et al. i kahi kumu hoʻohālike iole maʻi diabetes e hana i nā haʻawina in vivo ma ka cardiomyopathy maʻi diabetes a ua ʻike ʻia hiki i ka UA ke hōʻemi i ka pane mumū mua o ka ʻiʻo myocardial i ka hyperglycemia, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka microenvironment myocardial, a paipai i ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka cardiomyocyte contractility a me ka calcium dynamics, e hōʻike ana hiki i ka UA ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau kōkua e kāohi i ka cardiomyopathy maʻi diabetes a pale i kona mau pilikia.

Hiki i ka UA ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana mitochondrial a me ka hana ʻiʻo ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mitophagy. ʻO nā mitochondria o ka puʻuwai nā organelles koʻikoʻi e kuleana no ka hana ʻana i ka ATP waiwai i ka ikehu. ʻO ka hana ʻino o ka mitochondrial ke kumu o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻuwai. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka hana ʻino o ka mitochondrial he pahuhopu therapeutic kūpono. No laila, ua lilo pū ʻo UA i lāʻau lapaʻau hou no ka mālama ʻana i ka CVD.

ʻO Urolithin A a me nā maʻi neurological

He hana koʻikoʻi ka neuroinflammation i ka hanana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi neurodegenerative (ND). ʻO ka apoptosis i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kaumaha oxidative a me ka hoʻohuihui protein maʻamau e hoʻoulu pinepine i ka neuroinflammation, a ʻo nā cytokines pro-inflammatory i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka neuroinflammation a laila e hoʻopilikia i ka neurodegeneration.

Ua ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e hoʻoponopono ana ʻo UA i ka hana anti-inflammatory ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka autophagy a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mīkini deacetylation silent signal regulator 1 (SIRT-1), e kāohi ana i ka neuroinflammation a me ka neurotoxicity, a me ka pale ʻana i ka neurodegeneration, e hōʻike ana he mea Neuroprotective maikaʻi ʻo UA. I ka manawa like, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau haʻawina hiki i ka UA ke hoʻokō i nā hopena neuroprotective ma o ka scavenging pololei ʻana i nā radical free a me ka pale ʻana i nā oxidases.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e pāʻani ana ka wai pomegranate i kahi hana neuroprotective ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, mālama i ka pae o ka protein anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL, e hōʻemi ana i ka α-synuclein aggregation a me ka oxidative damage, a e hoʻopilikia ana i ka hana neuronal a me ke kūpaʻa. ʻO nā hui Urolithin nā metabolites a me nā ʻāpana hopena o ellagitannins i loko o ke kino a he mau hana olaola e like me ka anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, a me ka anti-apoptosis. Hiki iā Urolithin ke hoʻokō i ka hana neuroprotective ma o ka pale koko-lolo a he mole liʻiliʻi ikaika paha no ke komo ʻana i nā maʻi neurodegenerative.

ʻO Urolithin A a me nā maʻi degenerative o nā hono a me nā spinal

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā maʻi degenerative e nā kumu he nui e like me ka ʻelemakule, ke kaumaha, a me ka trauma. ʻO nā maʻi degenerative maʻamau o nā hono ʻo ia ka osteoarthritis (OA) a me ka maʻi spinal degenerative intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Hiki i ka hanana ke hana i ka ʻeha a me ka hana palena, e hopena ana i ka nalowale o ka hana a me ka hoʻoweliweli nui i ke olakino lehulehu. ʻO ke ʻano o ka UA i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi degenerative spinal IDD e pili ana paha i ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ka apoptosis cell nucleus pulposus (NP). He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ʻo NP o ka disc intervertebral. Mālama ia i ka hana olaola o ka disc intervertebral ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kaomi a me ka mālama ʻana i ka matrix homeostasis. Ua ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e hoʻoulu ka UA i ka mitophagy ma ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke ala hōʻailona AMPK, no laila e pale ana i ka apoptosis i hoʻokomo ʻia e tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) o nā cell NP cell osteosarcoma kanaka a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka degeneration disc intervertebral.

ʻO Urolithin A a me nā maʻi metabolic

Ke piʻi nei ka nui o nā maʻi metabolic e like me ka momona a me ka maʻi diabetes i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ua hōʻoia ʻia nā hopena maikaʻi o nā polyphenols meaʻai ma ke olakino kanaka e nā ʻaoʻao he nui a ua hōʻike i ka hiki ke pale aku a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi metabolic. Hiki i nā polyphenols pomegranate a me kāna metabolite ʻōpū UA ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻōkuhi lapaʻau e pili ana i nā maʻi metabolic, e like me lipase, α-glucosidase (α-glucosidase) a me dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) e pili ana i ka metabolism glucose a me ka momona momona. 4), a me nā genes pili e like me adiponectin, PPARγ, GLUT4 a me FABP4 e hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka adipocyte a me ka hōʻiliʻili triglyceride (TG).

Eia kekahi, ua ʻike pū kekahi mau noiʻi he hiki i ka UA ke hōʻemi i nā hōʻailona o ka momona. ʻO ka UA kahi huahana o ka metabolism ʻōpū o nā polyphenols. Loaʻa i kēia mau metabolites ka hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o TG i loko o nā hunaola ate a me nā adipocytes. Ua hānai ʻo Abdulrasheed et al. i ka ʻai momona kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻiole Wistar e hoʻoulu ai i ka momona. ʻAʻole wale ka mālama ʻana o UA i hoʻonui i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka momona i loko o nā feces, akā ua hoʻemi pū i ka nui o ka ʻiʻo adipose visceral a me ke kaumaha o ke kino ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā genes e pili ana i ka lipogenesis a me ka oxidation fatty acid. Hoʻemi i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka momona ate a me kona kaumaha oxidative. I ka manawa like, hiki i ka UA ke hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka thermogenesis o ka ʻiʻo adipose brown a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka browning o ka momona keʻokeʻo. ʻO ke ʻano hana ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pae triiodothyronine (T3) i loko o ka momona brown a me nā waihona momona inguinal. Hoʻonui i ka hana wela a no laila e kūʻē i ka momona.

Eia kekahi, loaʻa i ka UA ka hopena o ke kāohi ʻana i ka hana ʻana o ka melanin. Ua ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hiki i ka UA ke hoʻonāwaliwali nui i ka hana ʻana o ka melanin i loko o nā cell melanoma B16. ʻO ke ʻano nui, ʻo ia ka hoʻopilikia ʻana o ka UA i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka tyrosinase ma o ka hoʻokūkū hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka tyrosinase cell, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka pigmentation. No laila, loaʻa i ka UA ka hiki a me ka pono e hoʻokeʻokeʻo a hoʻomālamalama i nā kiko. A hōʻike ʻia e ka noiʻi he hopena ko ka urolithin A i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka ʻelemakule o ka ʻōnaehana pale. Ua ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi hou loa i ka wā e hoʻohui ʻia ai ka urolithin A ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui meaʻai, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻāla wale i ka ikaika o ka ʻāpana lymphatic o ka ʻōnaehana pale ʻiole, akā hoʻoikaika pū i ka hana o nā cell kumu hematopoietic. Hōʻike ka hana holoʻokoʻa i ka hiki o ka urolithin A ke hakakā i ka emi ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale e pili ana i ka makahiki.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻo UA, ma ke ʻano he metabolite ʻōpū o nā phytochemicals kūlohelohe ETs, ua huki nui ʻia ka manaʻo i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Me ka noiʻi ʻana i nā hopena pharmacological a me nā ʻano hana o UA e lilo ana i mea ākea a hohonu, ʻaʻole wale ka pono o UA i ka maʻi kanesa a me CVD (nā maʻi cardiovascular). Loaʻa iā ia kahi hopena pale a me ka therapeutic maikaʻi i nā maʻi lapaʻau he nui e like me ND (nā maʻi neurodegenerative) a me nā maʻi metabolic. Hōʻike pū ia i ka hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā kahua o ka nani a me ka mālama ola kino e like me ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ka ʻelemakule ʻili, ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha o ke kino a me ka pale ʻana i ka hana melanin.

He mea hana i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ʻo Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. i hoʻolako i ka pauka Urolithin A kiʻekiʻe a me ka maʻemaʻe.

Ma Suzhou Myland Pharm, ua kūpaʻa mākou i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe loa ma nā kumukūʻai maikaʻi loa. Ua hoʻāʻo pono ʻia kā mākou pauka Urolithin A no ka maʻemaʻe a me ka ikaika, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana e loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi mea hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe hiki iā ʻoe ke hilinaʻi. Inā makemake ʻoe e kākoʻo i ke olakino cellular, hoʻoikaika i kāu ʻōnaehana pale a hoʻomaikaʻi paha i ke olakino holoʻokoʻa, ʻo kā mākou pauka Urolithin A ke koho kūpono loa.

Me 30 mau makahiki o ka ʻike a hoʻokele ʻia e ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe a me nā hoʻolālā R&D i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Suzhou Myland Pharm i nā huahana hoʻokūkū a lilo i ʻoihana hoʻohui ʻepekema ola hou, synthesis maʻamau a me nā lawelawe hana.

Eia kekahi, he mea hana i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ʻo Suzhou Myland Pharm i ka FDA. He hou a he multifunctional nā kumuwaiwai R&D o ka hui, nā hale hana, a me nā mea hana loiloi, a hiki ke hana i nā kemika mai milligrams a i tons ma ke anakahi, a kūlike me nā kūlana ISO 9001 a me nā kikoʻī hana GMP.