ʻO ka ʻepekema ma hope o Urolithin A: He aha kāu e ʻike ai

Urolithin A (UA)he mea hoʻohui i hana ʻia e ka metabolism o nā mea kanu ʻōpū i nā meaʻai momona i nā ellagitannins (e like me nā pomegerane, raspberries, etc.). Manaʻo ʻia he anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, antioxidant, induction of mitophagy, etc., a hiki ke hele i ka pale koko-lolo. Ua hōʻoia ʻia nā haʻawina he nui e hiki i ka urolithin A ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka ʻelemakule, a ua hōʻike pū nā haʻawina lapaʻau i nā hopena maikaʻi.

He aha ka urolithin A?

ʻO Urolithin A (Uro-A) kahi ellagitannin (ET) -type intestinal flora metabolite. Ua ʻike ʻia a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia i ka makahiki 2005. ʻO C13H8O4 kona ʻano mole, a ʻo kona nui molekala pili he 228.2. E like me ka metabolic precursor o Uro-A, nā kumu meaʻai nui o ET he pomegerane, strawberries, raspberries, walnuts a me ka waina ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka UA kahi huahana o nā ET i hoʻololi ʻia e nā microorganisms ʻōpū. Loaʻa iā UA nā manaʻo hoʻohana ākea i ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi he nui. I ka manawa like, he nui nā kumu meaʻai o UA.

Ua hana ʻia ka noiʻi e pili ana i nā hopena antioxidant o nā urolithins. ʻAʻole ʻo Urolithin-A i loko o ke ʻano kūlohelohe, akā hana ʻia e nā ʻano hoʻololi o ET e ka flora intestinal. ʻO ka UA kahi huahana o nā ET i hoʻololi ʻia e nā microorganisms ʻōpū. ʻO nā meaʻai momona i ka ET e hele i loko o ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, a hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ka Uro-A i loko o ke kolonā. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi helu liʻiliʻi o Uro-A ma ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa.

Ma ke ʻano he pūhui polyphenolic maoli, ua ʻike nui ʻia nā ET ma muli o kā lākou mau hana olaola e like me antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-viral. Ma waho aʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana mai o nā meaʻai e like me nā pomegerane, strawberries, walnuts, raspberries a me nā ʻalemona, loaʻa pū nā ETs i nā gallnuts, peels pomegranate, myrobalan, Dimininus, geranium, betel nut, sea buckthorn leaves, Phyllanthus, Uncaria, Sanguisorba, In Chinese. nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me Phyllanthus emblica a me Agrimony.

ʻO ka hui hydroxyl i loko o ka molecular structure o ETs he polar, ʻaʻole kūpono i ka absorption e ka paia ʻōpū, a haʻahaʻa loa kona bioavailability. Ua ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he nui ma hope o ka ʻai ʻia ʻana o nā ET e ke kino o ke kanaka, ua hoʻololi ʻia lākou e nā pua ʻōpū i loko o ke kolonā a hoʻololi ʻia i urolithin ma mua o ka lawe ʻia ʻana. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ETs i loko o ka ʻakika ellagic (EA) ma ka ʻāpana ʻōpū o luna, a hele ʻia ʻo EA ma nā ʻōpū. Hoʻomaka hou ka pua bacteria a nalowale ke apo lactone a hoʻomau i nā hopena dehydroxylation e hoʻoulu ai i ka urolithin. Aia nā hōʻike e hiki i ka urolithin ke kumu waiwai no nā hopena olaola o ET i ke kino.

He aha ka bioavailability o urolithin e pili ana?

I ka ʻike ʻana i kēia, inā he akamai ʻoe, ʻike paha ʻoe i ka pili o ka bioavailability o UA.

ʻO ka mea nui loa ke ʻano o ka microbiome, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻano microbial āpau ke hana. ʻO ka mea maka o UA he ellagitannins i loaʻa mai ka meaʻai. Loaʻa maʻalahi kēia precursor a kokoke i nā wahi āpau ma ke ʻano.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā Ellagitannins i loko o ka ʻōpū e hoʻokuʻu i ka waikawa ellagic, ka mea i hana hou ʻia e nā pua ʻōpū i urolithin A.

Wahi a kahi noiʻi ma ka puke pai ʻo Cell, ʻo 40% wale nō o ka poʻe hiki ke hoʻololi maoli i ka urolithin A mai kāna precursor i urolithin A hoʻohana.

He aha nā hana o ka urolithin A?

Kūʻē i ka ʻelemakule

Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ka manaʻo radical manuahi o ka ʻelemakule ʻo nā ʻano oxygen reactive i hana ʻia i ka metabolism mitochondrial ke kumu o ke kaumaha oxidative i ke kino a alakaʻi i ka ʻelemakule, a he kuleana nui ka mitophagy i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino mitochondrial a me ka pono. Ua hōʻike ʻia e hiki i ka UA ke hoʻoponopono i ka mitophagy a no laila e hōʻike i ka hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka ʻelemakule. ʻO Ryu et al. ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻopau ʻo UA i ka mitochondrial dysfunction a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola ma Caenorhabditis elegans ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mitophagy; i nā rodents, hiki iā UA ke hoʻohuli i ka emi ʻana o ka hana o ka ʻiʻo e pili ana i ka makahiki, e hōʻike ana e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo UA i ka hana mitochondrial ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka Muscle mass a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola kino. Liu et al. hoʻohana ʻo UA e hoʻopili i nā fibroblasts ʻili kahiko. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ua hoʻonui nui ʻo UA i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka collagen type I a hoʻemi i ka hōʻike o ka matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). Ua ho'ā 'o ia i ka nuclear Factor E2-related factor 2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant pane ho'ēmi i ka intracellular ROS, no laila e hōʻike ana i ka ikaika anti-aging.

Ka hopena antioxidant

I kēia manawa, nui nā noiʻi i hana ʻia e pili ana i ka hopena antioxidant o urolithin. Ma waena o nā metabolites urolithin a pau, loaʻa iā Uro-A ka hana antioxidant ikaika loa, ʻelua wale nō i ka proanthocyanidin oligomers, catechins, epicatechin a me 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) o ka plasma o nā mea manawaleʻa olakino ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mana antioxidant e 32% ma hope o 0.5 mau hola o ka ʻai ʻana i ka wai pomegerane, akā ʻaʻole i loli nui ka pae o nā ʻano oxygen reactive, ʻoiai ma Neuro-In. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua vitro ma nā pūnaewele 2a ua ʻike ʻo Uro-A hiki ke hoʻemi i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻano oxygen reactive i loko o nā cell. Hōʻike kēia mau hopena he mau hopena antioxidant ikaika ʻo Uro-A.

03. Urolithin A a me nā maʻi cardiovascular a me ka cerebrovascular

Ke piʻi nei ka nui o ka maʻi cardiovascular (CVD) i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ke piʻi nei ka nui o ka make. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻonui wale i ke kaumaha o ka nohona a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, akā pili pū kekahi i ka maikaʻi o ke ola o nā kānaka. ʻO CVD kahi maʻi multifactorial. Hiki i ka mumū ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o CVD. Hoʻopili ke koʻikoʻi oxidative i ka pathogenesis o CVD. Aia nā hōʻike e pili ana nā metabolites i loaʻa mai nā microorganism intestinal me ka pilikia o CVD.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo UA he mau hopena anti-inflammatory a antioxidant ikaika, a ua hōʻoia nā haʻawina kūpono e hiki i ka UA ke pāʻani i ka hana pono i ka CVD. Savi et al. ua hoʻohana i ka ʻiole maʻi diabetes e hana i nā noiʻi in vivo e pili ana i ka cardiomyopathy diabetic a ʻike ʻia hiki i ka UA ke hoʻemi i ka pane inflammatory mua o ka ʻiʻo myocardial i hyperglycemia, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka microenvironment myocardial, a hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka cardiomyocyte contractility a me ka dynamics calcium, e hōʻike ana i hiki iā UA hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau kōkua no ka mālama ʻana i ka cardiomyopathy diabetic a pale i kāna mau pilikia.

Hiki i ka UA ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana mitochondrial a me ka hana ʻiʻo ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mitophagy. ʻO ka mitochondria naʻau nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi e hana i ka ATP waiwai nui. ʻO ka mitochondrial dysfunction ke kumu o ka pau ʻole o ka naʻau. Ke manaʻo ʻia nei ka dysfunction Mitochondrial i kēia manawa he hopena therapeutic kūpono. No laila, ua lilo ʻo UA i lāʻau moho hou no ka mālama ʻana i ka CVD.

Urolithin A a me nā maʻi neurological

ʻO ka neuroinflammation kahi hana nui i ka hanana a me ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi neurodegenerative (ND). ʻO ka apoptosis i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke koʻikoʻi oxidative a me ka hōʻuluʻulu protein abnormal e hoʻoulu pinepine i ka neuroinflammation, a ʻo nā cytokine pro-inflammatory i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e neuroinflammation a laila pili i ka neurodegeneration.

Ua ʻike nā haʻawina ʻo UA e hoʻopili ana i ka hana anti-inflammatory ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka autophagy a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mea hoʻoponopono hōʻailona leo 1 (SIRT-1) deacetylation mechanical, inhibiting neuroinflammation a me neurotoxicity, a me ka pale ʻana i ka neurodegeneration, e hōʻike ana he ʻoihana Neuroprotective kūpono ʻo UA. Ma ka manawa like, ua ʻike kekahi mau haʻawina e hiki i ka UA ke hoʻokō i nā hopena neuroprotective ma o ka hoʻopaʻa pono ʻana i nā radical manuahi a me ka pale ʻana i nā oxidases.

Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina e hana ana ka wai pomegranate i kahi neuroprotective ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, mālama i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka protein anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL, e hōʻemi ana i ka α-synuclein aggregation a me ka pōʻino oxidative, a pili i ka hana neuronal a me ke kūpaʻa. ʻO nā pūhui Urolithin nā metabolites a me nā ʻāpana hopena o nā ellagitannins i loko o ke kino a loaʻa nā hana olaola e like me ka anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, a me ka anti-apoptosis. Hiki i ka Urolithin ke hoʻoikaika i ka hana neuroprotective ma o ka pale koko-lolo a he mole liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi hiki ke hana no ke komo ʻana i nā maʻi neurodegenerative.

ʻO Urolithin A a me nā maʻi degenerative hui a me spinal

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā maʻi degenerative e nā kumu he nui e like me ka ʻelemakule, ke kaumaha, a me ka trauma. ʻO nā maʻi degenerative maʻamau o nā hono he osteoarthritis (OA) a me ka maʻi degenerative spinal intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka ʻeha a me ka hana liʻiliʻi, ka hopena o ka nalowale o ka hana a me ka hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ke olakino lehulehu. ʻO ke ʻano o ka UA i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi degenerative spinal IDD pili paha i ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ka nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis. ʻO ka NP kahi mea nui o ka disc intervertebral. Mālama ʻo ia i ka hana biological o ka intervertebral disc ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kaomi a me ka mālama ʻana i ka homeostasis matrix. Ua ʻike nā haʻawina ua hoʻoulu ʻo UA i ka mitophagy ma o ka hoʻāla ʻana i ke ala hōʻailona AMPK, a laila e kāohi ana i ka tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) -induced apoptosis o ke kanaka osteosarcoma cell NP cell a hōʻemi i ka degeneration disc intervertebral.

Urolithin A a me nā maʻi metabolic

Ke piʻi nei ka nui o nā maʻi metabolic e like me ka momona a me ka maʻi diabetes i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ua hōʻoia ʻia nā hopena maikaʻi o nā polyphenols meaʻai i ke olakino kanaka e nā ʻaoʻao he nui a ua hōʻike i ka hiki ke pale a mālama i nā maʻi metabolic. Hiki i nā pomegranate polyphenols a me kona intestinal metabolite UA ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hōʻailona lapaʻau e pili ana i nā maʻi metabolic, e like me lipase, α-glucosidase (α-glucosidase) a me dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) i komo i ka glucose a me ka momona momona. 4), a me nā genes pili e like me adiponectin, PPARγ, GLUT4 a me FABP4 e pili ana i ka ʻokoʻa adipocyte a me ka hōʻiliʻili triglyceride (TG).

Eia kekahi, ua ʻike pū kekahi mau haʻawina he hiki i ka UA ke hōʻemi i nā hōʻailona o ka momona. ʻO ka UA kahi huahana o ka metabolism o ka ʻōpū o nā polyphenols. Hiki i kēia mau metabolites ke hōʻemi i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o TG i loko o nā pūpū ate a me nā adipocytes. ʻO Abdulrasheed et al. ua hānai ʻia i ka ʻai momona nui i nā ʻiole Wistar e hoʻoulu ai i ka momona. ʻAʻole i hoʻonui wale ka mālama ʻana i ka momona i ka feces, akā ua hōʻemi pū ʻia ka nui o nā kiko adipose visceral a me ke kaumaha o ke kino ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā genes e pili ana i ka lipogenesis a me ka momona momona. Hoʻemi i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka momona o ka ate a me kāna koʻikoʻi oxidative. Ma ka manawa like, hiki i ka UA ke hoʻonui i ka ikehu ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka thermogenesis o ka ʻiʻo adipose brown a hoʻoulu i ka browning o ka momona keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka mīkini ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pae triiodothyronine (T3) i loko o ka momona ʻeleʻele a me nā waihona momona inguinal. Hoʻonui i ka hana wela a ma laila e kūʻē i ka momona.

Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā UA ka hopena o ke kāohi ʻana i ka hana melanin. Ua ʻike nā haʻawina hiki i ka UA ke hoʻonāwaliwali loa i ka hana melanin i loko o nā pūnaewele melanoma B16. ʻO ka hana nui ka UA pili i ka catalytic activation o tyrosinase ma o ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū o ka tyrosinase cell, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka pigmentation. No laila, hiki i ka UA ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻomāmā i nā kiko. A ʻo ka noiʻi e hōʻike ana he urolithin A ka hopena o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka ʻelemakule o ka ʻōnaehana pale. Ua ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi hou loa i ka wā i hoʻohui ʻia ai ka urolithin A ma ke ʻano he meaʻai meaʻai, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻāla i ka ikaika o ka wahi lymphatic o ka ʻiole immune system, akā e hoʻonui pū i ka hana o nā cell stem hematopoietic. Hōʻike ka hana holoʻokoʻa i ka hiki o ka urolithin A e hakakā i ka emi ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale e pili ana i ka makahiki.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻo UA, ma ke ʻano he metabolite o ka ʻōpū o nā phytochemical ETs maoli, ua huki nui ʻia i nā makahiki i hala. Me ka noiʻi e pili ana i nā hopena pharmacological a me nā mīkini o UA e hoʻonui a hohonu a hohonu, ʻaʻole pono ʻo UA i ka maʻi kanesa a me CVD (nā maʻi cardiovascular). He hopena maikaʻi ka pale a me ka therapeutic i nā maʻi lapaʻau he nui e like me ND (nā maʻi neurodegenerative) a me nā maʻi metabolic. Hōʻike ia i ka hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka nani a me ka mālama olakino e like me ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ka ʻelemakule o ka ʻili, ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha o ke kino a me ka pale ʻana i ka hana melanin.

ʻO Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. he mea hana i kākau inoa ʻia e FDA e hāʻawi ana i ka pauka Urolithin A kiʻekiʻe a maʻemaʻe.

Ma Suzhou Myland Pharm mākou e hoʻolako i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe loa i nā kumukūʻai maikaʻi loa. ʻO kā mākou Urolithin A pauka i hoʻāʻo ikaika ʻia no ka maʻemaʻe a me ka ikaika, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana e loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi mea hoʻopihapiha kiʻekiʻe hiki iā ʻoe ke hilinaʻi. Inā makemake ʻoe e kākoʻo i ke olakino cellular, hoʻonui i kāu ʻōnaehana pale a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino holoʻokoʻa, ʻo kā mākou Urolithin A pauka ke koho kūpono loa.

Me 30 mau makahiki o ka ʻike a alakaʻi ʻia e ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe a me nā hoʻolālā R&D maikaʻi loa, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Suzhou Myland Pharm i nā ʻano huahana hoʻokūkū a lilo i mea hoʻohui ʻepekema ola hou, synthesis maʻamau a me nā ʻoihana lawelawe hana.

Eia kekahi, ʻo Suzhou Myland Pharm kekahi mea hana inoa FDA. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai R&D o ka hui, nā lako hana, a me nā mea hana analytical he mea hou a multifunctional, a hiki ke hana i nā kemika mai ka milligrams a hiki i nā tona i ka unahi, a hoʻokō i nā kūlana ISO 9001 a me nā kikoʻī hana GMP.